Practice-Based Research Network Activities and Future Nationwide Plans in Japan.

Background: Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs) have historically been effective support mechanisms for primary care research. Although the number of PBRNs worldwide has increased, their numbers in Japan are relatively limited. This study aims to elucidate the current PBRN landscape in Japan and the process of establishing a new PBRN to encourage the formation of similar networks. Methods: We conducted a national cross-sectional descriptive study in which six PBRNs in Japan were identified using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality PBRN Registry. Detailed information regarding their PBRN characteristics and activities was collected using a standardized Excel template. We further conducted an embedded illustrative case study of the experiences and lessons learned from initiating a PBRN, using data gathered from the steering committee members of the network and document review. Results: Six primary care-focused PBRNs were found in regions ranging from large cities to isolated islands. Their relationships with academic external stakeholders also vary. All networks were established within the past 15 years, with most encountering funding challenges. The illustrative case study highlighted several key lessons, including the significance of motivation, necessity for clear membership and defined roles of PBRN members, the governance structure of the PBRN organizational diagram, and the importance of sustainable activities and funding. Conclusions: PBRNs play a crucial role in building a sustainable foundation of evidence for primary care research. Support from the Japan Primary Care Association committees and the Global PBRN Initiative significantly aids in advancing PBRN activities, ultimately enhancing primary care research in Japan.