Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41696658›Full record

ArticleCurrent opinion in electrochemistry2026

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for characterizing neural electrodes.

Cynthia C Eluagu, Bernard W Biney, Stuart F Cogan, Kevin J Otto, Mark E Orazem

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Current opinion in electrochemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Size Scaling of the Electrochemical Performance of TiSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Size Scaling of the Electrochemical Performance of TibioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Cynthia C EluaguDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Bernard W BineyDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Stuart F CoganDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA.
Kevin J OttoWeldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2032, USA.
Mark E OrazemDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

Funding

Engineering the Neuronal Response to Electrical MicrostimulationU01NS126052 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI ORAZEM, MARK E., OTTO, KEVIN J. · 2022 to 2025
$4.3M
NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS126052
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been extensively employed in the field of neural stimulation over the past 25 years. This review summarizes the early applications, major contributions, rudimentary use, and recent advances of EIS in neural applications. EIS is widely used in both research and clinical neurostimulation to monitor changes in electrode impedance due to foreign body response and glial encapsulation. The key parameters for in vitro and in vivo measurements are discussed along with the guidelines for data interpretation.

Identifiers

PMID41696658
PMCPMC12904490

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.