Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41696639›Full record

ArticleAdvanced genetics (Hoboken, N.J.)2026

Best Practices for Developing Linear Models With Multiple Explanatory Variables.

Baidu Li, Xinhai Li

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced genetics (Hoboken, N.J.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Baidu LiBiomedical Engineering School of Graduate Studies University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.
Xinhai LiState Key Laboratory of Conservation of Animal Diversity and Pest Management Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-0149

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Linear models, including t-test, ANOVA, regression, ANCOVA, and generalized linear models, are foundational tools in statistical analysis. For large datasets, such as those involving tens of thousands of genes and millions of records, numerous advanced methods have been developed to improve both computational efficiency and reliability. Here, we focus on a more general scenario: a linear model with many explanatory variables (e.g., >10) and a moderate sample size (e.g., thousands of observations). This paper provides the best practices for model selection, emphasizing the importance of including two-way interaction and quadratic terms, which are frequently overlooked in textbooks and classic literature. When dealing with high-dimensional data, we recommend using random forest for initial variable screening, followed by subset selection methods such as stepwise regression. Model selection can be guided by criteria like AIC, BIC, adjusted R

Indexed as

interaction termmachine learningmodel selectionquadratic termshrinkage methods

Identifiers

PMID41696639
PMCPMC12902702

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.