ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Immune Responses to Influenza Infection in Children.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: The host response pathways associated with progression to severe influenza disease and mechanisms of vaccination on mitigating illness severity in children are not well understood. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational case-control study of children aged 2 to 18 years hospitalized with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed influenza infection from 2020 to 2022. We compared the host transcriptome and cytokine profiles in blood of children within 5 days of influenza infection (cases) with healthy asymptomatic controls undergoing elective surgery. We analyzed transcription profiles as a function of (1) infected cases versus uninfected controls, (2) severe versus nonsevere, and (3) vaccinated versus unvaccinated. Pathway analysis on differentially expressed genes was performed. Results: Among 11 infected cases and 12 uninfected controls, there were no significant differences with respect to age, sex, or any high-risk medical condition, but a higher proportion of cases were Hispanic (45.5% vs 8.3%, Conclusions: Our study demonstrated differences in gene expression profiles of children with influenza infection that support disease mitigation through vaccination.
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