ArticleSpine surgery and related research2026
Efficacy and Predictive Factors of Systemically Acting Diclofenac Sodium Patch for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Observational Study.
Article in Spine surgery and related research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a complex condition significantly impacting global health. While non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for treatment, factors influencing their efficacy remain poorly understood. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of systemically acting diclofenac sodium patches in patients with CLBP and factors influencing their efficacy, focusing on psychiatric factors and neuropathic pain components in short-term (4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks) outcomes. Methods: This multicenter retrospective observational study included 196 patients with CLBP treated with diclofenac sodium patches (150 mg/day). The visual analog scale (VAS) evaluated the intensity of LBP. Psychiatric factors were assessed using the Brief Scale for Psychiatric Problems in Orthopedic Patients (BS-POP), and neuropathic pain was evaluated using the short form of the Spine painDETECT questionnaire (SF-SPDQ). Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors. Results: LBP VAS scores significantly improved from baseline (72.4±15.4) to 12 weeks (42.6±23.5). Among the participants, 112 (57.1%) had comorbid pain, defined as chronic musculoskeletal pain in sites other than low back and radiating leg pain. Multiple regression analysis revealed that psychiatric factors (BS-POP score; regression coefficient=-1.10, p=0.026) and presence of comorbid pain (regression coefficient=-9.50, p=0.021) were significant negative predictors at 4 weeks, with their impact increasing at 12 weeks (BS-POP score: regression coefficient=-2.51, p<0.001; comorbid pain: regression coefficient=-11.73, p=0.020). Neuropathic pain components negatively affected only short-term outcomes. Conclusions: Psychiatric factors and comorbid pain significantly influence the efficacy of diclofenac sodium patches in CLBP treatment, with their impact increasing over time. These findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive patient assessment before initiating NSAID treatment and suggest the need for early multifaceted intervention in patients with psychiatric factors and comorbid pain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.