SynthesisPeerJ2026
Systematic reviews of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognition and epileptiform discharge in patients with epilepsy.
Synthesis in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: This systematic review investigates the efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) in improving cognitive function and reducing epileptiform discharges in patients with epilepsy. It further examines whether patient age moderates the treatment effect. Additionally, the review evaluates whether intervention parameters, including duration, frequency, session time, and stimulation site, positively influence the improvement of cognition and epileptiform discharges. Methods: Seven databases were searched: Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Wanfang, VIP, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The search period was from database inception to September 2025. Two researchers independently screened the literature to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of TMS on cognition in patients with epilepsy. Quality assessment was performed using PEDro, and Meta-analysis and publication bias were tested using RevMan 5.4.1 and Stata 17.0, respectively. The quality of evidence for outcome indicators was evaluated using GRADEPro software. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI were used as effect size statistics. Results: This meta-analysis included 12 randomized controlled trials ( Conclusion: The included studies (average PEDro = 6.3) had moderate quality, limited by incomplete blinding/allocation reporting. Heterogeneity stemmed from intervention parameters (site, duration, frequency, medications). No significant publication bias was observed. Evidence quality was high for cognition and moderate for epileptiform discharge. LF-rTMS effectively improves both outcomes, influenced by treatment protocols, supporting its clinical use in the management and treatment of epilepsy. Other: This study has been registered on PROSPERO No. CRD42024593502. Registration Platform: www.crd.york.ac.uk.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.