ArticleInternational journal of women's dermatology2026
Diagnosis and management of nipple-areolar complex conditions in postmenopausal women: a retrospective study highlighting multidisciplinary care needs.
Article in International journal of women's dermatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Nipple conditions in postmenopausal women are numerous and challenging to diagnose, requiring multidisciplinary collaboration. There are no large cohort studies detailing the epidemiology, symptoms, diagnoses, and disease trajectories for postmenopausal women with nipple complaints. Objective: This single-institution retrospective study aimed to describe postmenopausal nipple complaints, associated symptoms, diagnoses, and involved medical care teams. Methods: Medical charts of female patients over 49 years old with nipple-related diagnoses were reviewed. Data on demographics, symptoms, medical specialties, diagnostics, final diagnoses, and treatments were collected. Results: Physician-patient encounters ( Limitations: This is a single institution retrospective chart review. Conclusion: Most postmenopausal women with nipple complaints are diagnosed with inversion, pain, or dermatitis. This retrospective chart review highlights the need for multidisciplinary care of these patients, with the primary care provider serving as the frontline care provider for women with skin conditions of the nipple-areolar complex.
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