ArticleGlobal mental health (Cambridge, England)2026
Uncovering mental well-being profiles in urban slums of Gorakhpur, India: A cluster-based approach using SWEMWBS.
Article in Global mental health (Cambridge, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Mental well-being is a growing but underrecognized public health priority in rapidly urbanizing, resource-constrained settings. Conventional mean-based analyses obscure important heterogeneity within vulnerable populations. We aimed to identify distinct mental well-being profiles among adults living in urban slums of Gorakhpur, India, using a person-centered approach. A cross-sectional survey (2023-2024) was conducted among 406 adults (≥18 years) from eight randomly selected slum settlements. Mental well-being was measured using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS). Standardized item scores were analyzed using K-means clustering, with the optimal cluster solution determined by the elbow method and validated using silhouette and Davies-Bouldin indices. Associations with sociodemographic and psychological factors were examined using chi-square tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. Three profiles emerged: High (n = 133), Moderate (n = 137), and Low well-being (n = 136). SWEMWBS scores differed significantly across clusters (F(2,403) = 482.1; p < 0.001). The Low well-being group reported substantially higher stress, depression, and anxiety, and women were disproportionately represented (
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