ArticleMetabolism open2026
Protective effects of medicinal honey against doxorubicin-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats: A novel grading index (PAD score) based on phenolic content and antioxidant capacity.
Article in Metabolism open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Doxorubicin is an effective anticancer drug whose clinical use is limited by oxidative liver and kidney toxicity. High-PAD-score honey, a novel index reflecting honey quality and bioactive potential, is rich in phenolic compounds and antioxidants and may mitigate these toxic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of PAD-classified honey against doxorubicin-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Methods: Fifteen honey samples collected from different regions of Iran were biochemically characterized using a novel PAD scoring system calculated as the sum of four parameters: total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, protein concentration, and diastase activity. Based on their PAD values, honeys were classified into high-, moderate-, and low-PAD categories and pooled accordingly. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups and orally treated with 20% (w/v) PAD-classified honey for four weeks, followed by doxorubicin administration (20 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce hepatorenal toxicity. Serum biochemical markers, oxidative stress indices, and histopathological alterations in liver and kidney tissues were subsequently evaluated. Results: Doxorubicin increased liver and kidney injury markers, oxidative stress parameters, and glucose levels. Medium- and high-PAD honeys improved biochemical homeostasis, enhanced antioxidant defense, and, as confirmed by histopathological analysis, attenuated hepatic and renal degeneration, necrosis, inflammation, and structural damage. Conclusion: High-PAD-score honey, owing to its antioxidant and phenolic properties, may exert protective effects against doxorubicin-induced organ toxicity in experimental models. However, further mechanistic studies and carefully designed investigations are required before any implications for supportive or clinical use can be considered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.