ArticleCurrent medical mycology2025
Limitations of inflammatory biomarkers in differentiating patients with fungal pneumonia and bacterial co-infection.
Article in Current medical mycology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Purpose: With the increasing number of fungal infections due to antibiotic use and growing numbers of immunocompromised patients, it has become imperative to understand the nature of these infections. Fungal infections, however, remain largely understudied and underdiagnosed, especially when it comes to co-infections with other organisms. This study aimed to compare inflammatory biomarkers in fungal pneumonia patients with and without bacterial co-infections and analyze the frequencies of the causative bacterial and fungal organisms. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study used electronic medical records from patients diagnosed with fungal pneumonia from January 2013 to December 2023. Fungal and bacterial etiologies were identified with International Classification of Diseases-10 codes and summarized with descriptive statistics. Baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and length of stay were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-squared test. Inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, procalcitonin, white blood cell count, body temperature, ferritin, and electrolytes, were collected using Current Procedural Terminology codes and compared using Chi-squared test between patients diagnosed with fungal pneumonia alone or with fungal pneumonia and bacterial co-infection. Results: A total of 1,024 patients were diagnosed with fungal pneumonia. The most common diagnosis among the patients was unspecified mycosis. Moreover, the most common organism-specific mycotic disease was pneumocystosis. Comorbidities, including diabetes and chronic inflammatory disease, were more common in patients with co-infection ( Conclusion: Lack of specificity of most fungal organisms responsible for pneumonia highlights the critical lack of specific diagnostic methods for fungal diseases. The results show that inflammatory biomarkers are not significantly different between fungal pneumonia patients with and without bacterial co-infections.
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