ReviewFrontiers in pediatrics2025
Beyond anti-VEGF: expanding the therapeutic horizon and biomarker landscape in retinopathy of prematurity.
Review in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. While anti-VEGF therapy has revolutionized ROP treatment, concerns regarding systemic absorption, potential neurodevelopmental impacts, and late reactivation have spurred the quest for alternative therapeutic approaches. This mini-review examines emerging therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers that may transform ROP management beyond the anti-VEGF era. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review of studies published between 2001 and 2025, focusing on novel therapeutic mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and translational research in ROP. Results: Several promising therapeutic targets have emerged, including: (1) IGF-1 supplementation and IGF-1/IGFBP3 complex therapy; (2) Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, demonstrating anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties; (3) Antioxidant therapies targeting oxidative stress pathways; (4) HIF-stabilizing agents that promote physiological vascularization; (5) Cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells and (6) Non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (propranolol), which target the sympathetic drive of pathological neovascularization. Novel biomarkers under investigation and advanced imaging biomarkers using OCT angiography. Combination approaches integrating multiple pathways show particular promise. Conclusions: Emerging therapies targeting multiple pathogenic mechanisms, combined with novel biomarkers for risk stratification and treatment monitoring, show potential for more personalized and effective ROP management. Future research should focus on validating these biomarkers in diverse populations and optimizing combination therapy protocols to minimize treatment burden while maximizing visual outcomes and systemic safety.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.