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ArticleTremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)2026

Pseudoathetotic Pseudodystonia as a Manifestation of Isolated Medullary Demyelination in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Prachi Mohapatra, Lekshmi Sambhu Hema, Aditya Mahadevan, Divyani Garg, Ayush Agarwal, Awadh Kishor Pandit, Ajay Garg, Achal Kumar Srivastava, Divya M Radhakrishnan

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Article in Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Prachi MohapatraDepartment of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.ORCID 0000-0003-0418-0152
Lekshmi Sambhu HemaDepartment of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.ORCID 0009-0000-2600-6628
Aditya MahadevanDepartment of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.ORCID 0009-0006-2710-8013
Divyani GargDepartment of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.ORCID 0000-0003-0532-3370
Ayush AgarwalDepartment of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.ORCID 0000-0003-2303-1961
Awadh Kishor PanditDepartment of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.ORCID 0000-0003-2847-9730
Ajay GargDepartment of Neuroimaging and Interventional Neuroradiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.ORCID 0000-0002-9385-291X
Achal Kumar SrivastavaDepartment of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.ORCID 0000-0002-4590-7947
Divya M RadhakrishnanDepartment of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.ORCID 0000-0002-0641-7398

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Pseudoathetosis and pseudodystonia are rare sensory-driven hyperkinetic movement disorders that may mimic primary dystonia. Although these manifestations have been reported in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), they are typically associated with cervical spinal cord lesions, and occurrence due to isolated medullary demyelination is extremely uncommon. Case Report: A 32-year-old woman with aquaporin-4-positive NMOSD developed pseudoathetotic movements with dystonic-appearing posturing of both hands following an isolated demyelinating lesion of the medulla with normal spinal cord imaging. The abnormal movements persisted after corticosteroids but resolved completely following plasmapheresis and rituximab. Discussion: This case expands the known anatomic spectrum of NMOSD-associated movement disorders by demonstrating isolated medullary demyelination as a rare substrate for pseudoathetotic pseudodystonia and emphasizes the importance of recognizing sensory-driven hyperkinetic movements to ensure timely immunotherapy.

Indexed as

Demyelinating DiseasesDystoniaMedulla OblongataNeuromyelitis OpticaAdultFemaleHumansMedullary demyelinationMovement disorder mimicNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorderPseudoathetosisPseudodystonia

Identifiers

PMID41694797
PMCPMC12904110

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