Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41694422›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in oral health2026

Cultural adaptation and validation of the mandarin version of the scale of oral health outcomes for 5-year-old children.

Daijing Yu, Dawei Huang, Junhao Ai, Xiaoli Ma, Yan Hao, Qiuhua Pan, Sherry Shiqian Gao

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Article in Frontiers in oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Daijing Yu *Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Dawei Huang *Department of Stomatology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Junhao AiDepartment of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Xiaoli MaDepartment of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Yan HaoDepartment of Stomatology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Qiuhua PanDepartment of Stomatology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Sherry Shiqian GaoDepartment of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: To translate and culturally adapt the scale of oral health outcomes for 5-year-old children (SOHO-5) into Mandarin, and to assess the reliability and validity of the Mandarin version of the SOHO-5 (M-SOHO-5) for Mainland Chinese preschool children. Methods: A forward-backwards translation method was used to develop a draft M-SOHO-5 from the original English version. The draft was tested with 20 pairs of children and parents for the initial validity of the content, and revisions were made accordingly. Then, the final version was studied on 259 pairs of 5-year-old children and their parents. The reliability of M-SOHO-5 was assessed through test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Clinical examination for dental caries was performed to study the discriminant validity of M-SOHO-5. Construct validity was evaluated using global rating questions. Results: The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the children's version of M-SOHO-5 (M-SOHO-5c) and the parents' version (M-SOHO-5p) were 0.80 and 0.85, respectively. The intraclass correlation for M-SOHO-5c and M-SOHO-5p was 0.51 ( Discussion: The M-SOHO-5 showed good reliability and construct validity. The discriminant validity of the parental version is good, but that of the children's version is limited.

Indexed as

dental cariesoral health-related quality of lifepreschool childrenquestionnairereliabilityvalidity

Identifiers

PMID41694422
PMCPMC12894406

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.