Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41694411›Full record

ArticleOrthopedic reviews2026

Vascularized Nerve Grafts: Current Concepts, Indications, and Future Perspectives.

Wendy Ghanem, Hady Ezzeddine, Joseph Najjar, Antoine Saber, Rita Saad, Elyssa Kiwan, Georges Sakhat, Ali Ghosn, Johnny Saadeh, Fouad Assaf and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Orthopedic reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Wendy GhanemDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon.
Hady EzzeddineDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon.
Joseph NajjarDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon.
Antoine SaberDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon.
Rita SaadDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon.
Elyssa KiwanDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon.
Georges SakhatDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon.
Ali GhosnDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology Lebanese American University Medical Center, Rizk Hospital.
Johnny SaadehDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon.
Fouad AssafDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon.
Hicham AbdelNourDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Mohamad BadraDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon.
Ramzi MoucharafiehDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Peripheral nerve injuries pose significant challenges due to limited regenerative capacity and functional recovery, especially in large or complex defects. Traditional repair methods using non-vascularized autologous nerve grafts often result in suboptimal outcomes due to ischemia-induced central necrosis and delayed axonal regeneration. Vascularized nerve grafts (VNGs), which provide an intrinsic blood supply, have emerged as a promising alternative to enhance nerve repair by improving graft survival, supporting Schwann cell viability, and promoting early neovascularization. This review on vascularized nerve grafting examines its advantages, challenges, and emerging experimental approaches. VNGs demonstrate superior functional outcomes compared to non-vascularized grafts, with improved motor and sensory recovery, and higher axonal density, particularly in long-gap and delayed repairs. Although the use of vascularized nerve grafts is limited by technical complexity, increased operative time, and donor site morbidity. In this study we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the rationale, outcomes, and challenges associated with vascularized nerve grafts, while highlighting emerging experimental strategies poised to overcome current limitations in peripheral nerve repair.

Indexed as

anastomosisNerve graftsnon-vascularizedvascularized

Identifiers

PMID41694411
PMCPMC12904750

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.