Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41694397›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Neoepitopes at the crossroads of immunometabolism: metabolic remodeling of antigen presentation in type 1 diabetes.

Rahul Mittal, Rebecca Goldmann, Mannat Mittal, Naisha Chaudhary, Vibha Ravindra, Khemraj Hirani

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Nitration in cancer signaling.Redox biology · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rahul MittalDiabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
Rebecca GoldmannDiabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
Mannat MittalDiabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
Naisha ChaudharyDiabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
Vibha RavindraDiabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
Khemraj HiraniDiabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder driven by progressive destruction of pancreatic β-cells under conditions of metabolic and oxidative stress. This article examines the intersection of immunometabolism and antigen presentation as a central mechanism in T1D pathogenesis. In β-cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and redox imbalance remodel the immunopeptidome, promoting neoepitope formation and upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. Concurrently, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) exposed to hypoxia, cytokines, and nutrient deprivation undergo metabolic reprogramming that enhances glycolysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and pro-inflammatory antigen processing. These parallel responses establish a self-sustaining β-cell-APC loop in which metabolic distress in one cell type amplifies dysfunction in the other. By integrating evidence from redox signaling, immunopeptidomics, and metabolic regulation, this perspective defines a unified framework wherein metabolism acts as both initiator and amplifier of autoimmunity. Targeting the immunometabolic interface between β-cells and APCs may restore immune tolerance and prevent disease progression by re-establishing cellular homeostasis.

Indexed as

Antigen PresentationAutoantigensDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1EpitopesAnimalsAntigen-Presenting CellsAutoimmunityHumansInsulin-Secreting CellsMetabolic ReprogrammingAutoantigensEpitopesimmune toleranceimmunometabolismmajor histocompatibility complex class Imetabolic reprogrammingneoepitopesredox signalingtype 1 diabetesβ-cell stress

Identifiers

PMID41694397
PMCPMC12901514

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.