Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41694359›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Extracellular vesicles in Graves' disease and Graves' orbitopathy: immunoregulatory mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic potentials.

Yuqing Chen, Ying Yang, Shuo Yang, Wenjie Yuan, Lihong Jiang, Ruili Wei

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yuqing Chen *Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Ying Yang *Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
Shuo Yang *Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Wenjie YuanShanghai Jingye High School, Shanghai, China.
Lihong JiangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Ruili WeiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Graves' disease (GD) is a common autoimmune thyroid disorder and is often accompanied by Graves' orbitopathy (GO), an inflammatory eye disease that can significantly reduce the quality of patients' life. Despite understanding of GD and GO has progressed, the mechanisms driving disease progression remain incompletely defined. Emerging evidence highlights extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, as important mediators of immune regulation and tissue remodeling in autoimmune disorders, including GD and GO. This review summarizes current knowledge of EVs biogenesis and molecular compositions, highlighting their contributions to GD and GO pathogenesis. We also discuss the diagnostic and prognostic potential of EV-associated miRNAs and proteins, and consider findings from other immune-mediated ocular diseases to place these observations in a broader immunopathological context. Overall, EVs appear to be actively involved in GD and GO and may serve as useful tools for disease monitoring and therapy development. Nonetheless, challenges such as methodological variability and limited functional validation remains. Standardized protocols and larger, multicenter studies are needed to support the clinical translation of EV-based approaches.

Indexed as

Extracellular VesiclesGraves DiseaseGraves OphthalmopathyAnimalsBiomarkersExosomesHumansImmunomodulationMicroRNAsBiomarkersMicroRNAsexosomesextracellular vesiclesGraves’ diseaseGraves’ orbitopathyimmunomodulation

Identifiers

PMID41694359
PMCPMC12901441

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.