ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2026
Early-life maternal probiotic supplementation programs sex- and region-specific gene expression in the adult offspring brain.
Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The maternal perinatal environment shapes brain development and long-term neurodevelopmental trajectories. Probiotic supplementation during this period has emerged as a promising strategy to support healthy neurodevelopmental outcomes through modulation of immune and synaptic plasticity pathways. However, the persistence and specificity of molecular effects in the offspring brain, particularly with respect to sex and brain region, remain poorly understood. Methods: We conducted two independent mouse experiments using different probiotic strains and exposure windows to evaluate the long-term transcriptional effects of maternal probiotic supplementation. Time-mated C57BL/6JRj dams received a multi-species probiotic (Ecologic® Panda) from gestational day (GD) 6 until birth, whereas BALB/cJRj dams received Results: Multi-species supplementation induced broad and persistent transcriptional changes in hippocampus and hypothalamus, with generally larger effects in males. Altered transcripts included markers of synaptic plasticity ( Conclusions: These findings highlight that short, targeted maternal probiotic supplementation during the perinatal period is associated with persistent molecular signatures in the adult offspring brain across genetic backgrounds, converging on neuroimmune-related pathways.
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