Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41694076›Full record

ArticleAffective science2025

Investigating the Structure of Emotion: Tools, Pitfalls and Recommendations.

Chujun Lin, Yanting Han, Umit Keles, Yue Xu, Junsong Lu, Ruoying Zheng, Ralph Adolphs

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Affective science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Comparative neuroanatomy of emotion expression: from flies to humans.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Chujun LinDepartment. of Psychology, UCSD, La Jolla, USA.
Yanting HanDivision of Humanities and Social Sciences, HSS 228-77, Caltech, Pasadena, 91125 USA.
Umit KelesDivision of Humanities and Social Sciences, HSS 228-77, Caltech, Pasadena, 91125 USA.
Yue XuDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, USA.
Junsong LuDepartment. of Psychology, UCSD, La Jolla, USA.
Ruoying ZhengDepartment. of Psychology, UCSD, La Jolla, USA.
Ralph AdolphsDivision of Humanities and Social Sciences, HSS 228-77, Caltech, Pasadena, 91125 USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

People use hundreds of words to describe emotions and related mental states. Yet a large psychological literature and our own intuition argue for a simpler structure that underlies these attributions, since most of the words are antonyms or synonyms that map onto a few basic dimensions or categories. However, there is surprisingly little agreement on their number or interpretation: core affect is generally thought to be two-dimensional; emotion categories vary from six to over twenty; and according to some theories emotion concepts are much higher dimensional since they flexibly incorporate context. Although many of these debates originate in theoretical disagreements, we here focus on methodological sources: how stimuli are selected, tasks are chosen, and dimensionality reduction algorithms are used. We provide a survey of popular methods, their advantages and limitations, and recommendations for best practices.

Indexed as

AffectDimensionality reductionEmotionMethods

Identifiers

PMID41694076
PMCPMC12894546

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.