ArticleWorld journal of cardiology2026
Phenomenon of "de Winter" pattern, sign, or syndrome: A systematic scoping review and data analysis.
Article in World journal of cardiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Evidence for Electrocardiographic Patterns Identifying Acute Coronary Occlusion in Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Scoping Review.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe de Winter (dW) pattern, sign, and syndrome is an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) equivalent. The first two forms describe the electrocardiographic characteristics of this phenomenon, while dW syndrome additionally has symptoms indicative of acute coronary syndrome. Emerging evidence suggests that dW pattern precedes or alternates with STEMI patterns.
aimTo improve the recognition of the dW pattern, dW sign, or dW syndrome, urge early aggressive treatment, and determine whether sex matters, by integrating contemporary knowledge through a systematic scoping review and data analysis.
methodsA comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar (November 2008 to June 2025), and literature data were analyzed. This scoping review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist.
resultsA total of 322 patients presenting with dW pattern were identified. Most patients were young males. Risk factors were primarily smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Sixteen cardiac arrest events occurred during hospitalization. The main culprit vessel was the left anterior descending artery (LAD) at 88.5%. Compared with the younger group, older patients had more LAD (84%
conclusiondW pattern, dW sign, and dW syndrome are commonly used interchangeably describing the dW phenomenon. Patients presenting with this phenomenon have unique demographics, risk factors, pathophysiology, and angiographic characteristics (
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