Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41693887›Full record

ArticleBiomedical optics express2026

Refractive adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope with fast 2D MEMS scanner.

Karteek Kunala, Yuning Xia, Gastón A Ayubi, Bartlomiej Kowalski, Ankur X Desai, David Lippman, Julie Bentley, Alfredo Dubra

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biomedical optics express, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Karteek KunalaByers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5245-0850
Yuning XiaThe Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9463-9618
Gastón A AyubiByers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7790-1793
Bartlomiej KowalskiByers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4789-6724
Ankur X DesaiThe Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5456-6382
David LippmanThe Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8069-5954
Julie BentleyThe Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.
Alfredo DubraByers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6506-9020

Funding

Stanford Vision Research CoreP30EY026877 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Jeffrey L Goldberg · 2017 to 2026
$8.0M
Increasing the isoplanatic patch in adaptive optics ophthalmoscopyR01EY032147 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DUBRA, ALFREDO · 2021 to 2025
$2.4M
Improving rigor and reproducibility in adaptive optics ophthalmoscopyR01EY031360 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DUBRA, ALFREDO · 2020 to 2023
$2.3M
Low Latency Eye-Motion CompensationR01EY032669 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DUBRA, ALFREDO · 2021 to 2024
$1.8M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY026877NEI NIH HHS R01 EY031360NEI NIH HHS R01 EY032147NEI NIH HHS R01 EY032669
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We describe a refractive adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope designed for small animal imaging through a 1.8 mm diameter pupil. The optical setup, based on a search of achromatic doublets through multiple lens catalogs, consists of a sequence of modified afocal relays that deliver diffraction-limited imaging in pupil and retina conjugates. Real ray tracing is used to compare imaging performance when correcting large focus errors using a pupil conjugate wavefront corrector, a traditional Badal optometer, and a modified Badal optometer. Polarization control, focal length selection, and systematic lens tilting are explored for mitigating reflections with minimal imaging performance degradation. A 2-dimensional optical scanner with a 29.2 kHz resonant frequency around one axis and low dynamic surface distortion allows doubling the frame rate of prior instruments and simplifies the optical setup. Scanner orientation and trigger electrical signals are used to correct sinusoidal image warping and line sampling jitter. The instrument is demonstrated by imaging mice under 800 nm illumination with two reflectance detection modalities: confocal and quadrant non-confocal.

Identifiers

PMID41693887
PMCPMC12904530

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.