Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41693868›Full record

ReviewDementia & neuropsychologia2025

Assessment of cognitive function in individuals with Down syndrome and dementia: a systematic review.

Ana Clara Lira do Nascimento, Egeval Pereira da Paz, Graziela Rosa Lopes Bastos Freire, Sonja Costa Coelho Gayoso E Almendra, Maria Costa Coelho Gayoso E Almendra, Lívia Fabrícia Francisco de Lima, Ludmila Belo Ramos da Silva, Júlia Feitosa Brito Dos Santos, Bianca Alves de Paiva, Luís Eduardo Soares Sampaio Novaes and 2 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Dementia & neuropsychologia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Introduction to the special issue on Down syndrome.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ana Clara Lira do NascimentoUniversidade de Pernambuco, School of Medicine, Group of Geriatrics, Recife PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3508-0319
Egeval Pereira da PazUniversidade de Pernambuco, School of Medicine, Group of Geriatrics, Recife PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-5456
Graziela Rosa Lopes Bastos FreireUniversidade de Pernambuco, School of Medicine, Group of Geriatrics, Recife PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7800-6668
Sonja Costa Coelho Gayoso E AlmendraUniversidade de Pernambuco, School of Medicine, Group of Geriatrics, Recife PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9951-9693
Maria Costa Coelho Gayoso E AlmendraUniversidade Estadual do Piaui, School of Medicine, Teresina PI, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1115-7687
Lívia Fabrícia Francisco de LimaUniversidade de Pernambuco, School of Medicine, Group of Geriatrics, Recife PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6938-0960
Ludmila Belo Ramos da SilvaUniversidade de Pernambuco, School of Medicine, Group of Geriatrics, Recife PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7744-8706
Júlia Feitosa Brito Dos SantosUniversidade de Pernambuco, School of Medicine, Group of Geriatrics, Recife PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8749-7085
Bianca Alves de PaivaUniversidade de Pernambuco, School of Medicine, Group of Geriatrics, Recife PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4666-5935
Luís Eduardo Soares Sampaio NovaesUniversidade de Pernambuco, School of Medicine, Group of Geriatrics, Recife PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5930-8491
Matheus Mendes de MeloUniversidade de Pernambuco, School of Medicine, Group of Geriatrics, Recife PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2741-9038
Ana Iza Gomes da Penha SobralUniversidade de Pernambuco, Department of Occupational Therapy, Recife PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-4863

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) face a high risk of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Early diagnosis is complex due to pre-existing cognitive deficits, underscoring the need for specific diagnostic criteria. Objective: To present cognitive and behavioral features of dementia in DS and examine cognitive assessment tools. Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the databases United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library (BVS) were searched for studies (2014-2024) in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria. Results: Of 254 records screened, 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. Early dementia in DS presents with declines in executive functions, memory, language, attention, and behavioral changes. Behavioral symptoms, including agitation, hallucinations, and apathy, were prominent in AD-DS and prodromal dementia, and may serve as early indicators. Conclusion: Early dementia in individuals with DS is characterized by cognitive and behavioral declines, with behavioral symptoms potentially serving as early diagnostic markers.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCognitionDementiaDown SyndromeSystematic Review

Identifiers

PMID41693868
PMCPMC12903883

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.