Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41693731›Full record

SynthesisTransboundary and emerging diseases2026

Prevalence and Heterogeneity of Swine Influenza Virus in China From 2010 to 2025: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Xiutao Yang, Qingxia Gao, Zhaofang Xi, Pengfei Zhao, Junlong Zhao

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xiutao YangNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China, hzau.edu.cn.
Qingxia GaoChia Tai Group (Central South) Research Institute, Xiangyang Chia Tai Agro-Industry and Food Co., Ltd., Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
Zhaofang XiChia Tai Group (Central South) Research Institute, Xiangyang Chia Tai Agro-Industry and Food Co., Ltd., Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
Pengfei ZhaoChia Tai Group (Central South) Research Institute, Xiangyang Chia Tai Agro-Industry and Food Co., Ltd., Xiangyang, Hubei, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-5317
Junlong ZhaoNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China, hzau.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5162-4495

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Swine influenza virus (SIV) is endemic in China, threatening the swine industry and public health. This meta-analysis estimated the national pooled prevalence of SIV (2010-2025) and identified key sources of heterogeneity. Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, six databases were searched, yielding 73 eligible studies with 411,930 samples. A random-effects model pooled prevalence estimates, and subgroup analyses explored heterogeneity. Results: The pooled SIV prevalence was 30.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.5%-36.4%) with extreme heterogeneity ( Conclusion: SIV is widespread in China but exhibits marked spatiotemporal and methodological variability. A single national prevalence figure is insufficient for risk assessment. Surveillance and control strategies must be targeted and context-specific. This study provides a critical, albeit potentially overestimated, epidemiological baseline for evidence-based interventions.

Indexed as

Influenza A virusOrthomyxoviridae InfectionsSwine DiseasesAnimalsChinaPrevalenceSwineChinaepidemiological surveillanceheterogeneitymeta-analysisprevalenceswine influenza virus

Identifiers

PMID41693731
PMCPMC12904846

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.