Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41693672›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2026

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Diabetes Care in Saudi Arabia: Addressing Performance Standards and Regulatory Gaps-Literature Review and Consensus Report.

Mohammed Almehthel, Mohammed Alsofiani, Naweed Alzaman, Saad Alzahrani, Hussein Elbadawi, Lamya Alzubaidi, Mohammed Aldawish, Metib Alotaibi, Fahad Alsabaan, Raed Aldahash and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Mohammed AlmehthelKing Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-4031-881X
Mohammed AlsofianiKing Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-4420-9378
Naweed AlzamanTaibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Saad AlzahraniKing Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hussein ElbadawiMy Clinic, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Lamya AlzubaidiMinistry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AldawishPrince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Metib AlotaibiKing Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Fahad AlsabaanSecurity Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Raed AldahashKing Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AlowairdhiThe National Unified Procurement Company (nupco), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Emad Roushdy IssakAl-Salam Centre, Cairo, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0003-4150-649X
Saud AlsifriAlhada Armed Forces Hospital, Alhada, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices has significantly improved diabetes management. However, several limitations persist, including the great variation in accuracy, inconsistent study designs, and variations in regulatory approval standards. Therefore, the need for regulatory harmonization, robust validation, and transparent data reporting is crucial.

methodsThe current consensus report was developed through a structured, multi-phase process to comprehensively assess these challenges. A literature review of databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and the Saudi Digital Library, focusing on publications from 2016 to 2024, evaluated evidence on CGM devices in terms of performance and clinical outcome, with priority given to regional data, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and systematic reviews. A multidisciplinary panel reviewed the literature, engaging in structured discussions. Recommendations were formulated using the Delphi method, ensuring consensus and alignment with global standards while addressing regional challenges. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The resulting recommendations advocate for aligning Saudi regulatory standards with international frameworks like Food and Drug Administration iCGM criteria, Medical Device Regulation (MDR)-aligned criteria, establishing and enforcing minimum performance criteria, including dynamic testing for glucose fluctuations, strengthening local post-market surveillance capacity, mandating transparent data reporting by manufacturers, and facilitating comprehensive clinical education and cross-sector collaboration.

Indexed as

continuous glucose monitoringDelphi methoddevice accuracydiabetes managementregulatory harmonization

Identifiers

PMID41693672
PMCPMC12909149

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.