ArticleCirculation. Population health and outcomes2026
Coronary Artery Calcium Progression and Cognitive Function in Midlife-The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.
Article in Circulation. Population health and outcomes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diet patterns are associated with progression of coronary artery calcification and differ across race/ethnicity: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Incremental prognostic value of coronary artery calcium progression within a large community-benefit calcium score registry.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to examine how coronary artery calcium (CAC) and its progression relate to cognitive function in midlife, an important time for cognitive aging.
methodsWe studied participants enrolled in the prospective CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study, a longitudinal cohort of Black and White adults aged 18 to 30 years at baseline, who completed CAC measurements using computed tomography at year 15 (2000-2001; our baseline), had at least 1 follow-up CAC measurement at years 20 (2005-2006) or 25 (2010-2011), and completed cognitive assessments with a battery of 5 tests at years 30 (2015-2016) or 35 (2020-2022). CAC progression was defined as: (1) CAC >0 at follow-up among participants with baseline CAC=0; (2) an annualized change of ≥10 units at follow-up among those with 0<baseline CAC <100; or (3) an annualized percent change ≥10% among those with baseline CAC ≥100. We used linear regression to estimate the cognitive performance (z-standardized) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of each cognitive test by baseline CAC score (0 versus >0) and CAC progression.
resultsAmong the 2341 participants (mean baseline age 40.3±3.6 years; 56% female), baseline CAC >0 (9%) was associated with lower processing speed, verbal memory, and global cognition, whereas CAC progression (26%) was associated with lower processing speed and global cognition after adjusting for demographics, education, physical activity, depressive symptoms, APOE ε4 allele, and baseline CAC score. The standardized cognitive differences (95% CI) for CAC progression versus no progression were -0.14 (95% CI, -0.23 to -0.06) for the Digit Symbol Substitution Test and -0.09 (95% CI, -0.17 to -0.01) for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
conclusionsCAC progression was associated with worse midlife processing speed and global cognition, independent of baseline CAC score and established risk factors. Repeated CAC assessments may offer clinical value for identifying individuals at increased risk for midlife cognitive decline.
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