Attribute based access control of geographic spatial data sharing using blockchain and smart contracts.

Song Li, Wenfen Liu, Yan Wu, Xianglin Wu, Lihui Li

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Song LiJoint International Research Laboratory of Spatio-temporal Information and Intelligent Location Services, Guilin, 541004, China. 21031102007@mails.guet.edu.cn.

Wenfen LiuSchool of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.

Yan WuUnit 95795 of PLA, Guilin, 541003, China.

Xianglin WuSchool of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.

Lihui LiSchool of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The secure and efficient sharing of geographic spatial data is crucial for applications in urban planning, disaster management, and environmental monitoring. However, conventional access control systems face scalability, security, and transparency problems in a distributed environment. This paper proposes a new framework that marries attribute-based access control with blockchain technology and smart contracts for fine-grained, decentralized, and tamper-proof data sharing. This paper introduces a new framework which combines Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC), blockchain technology, smart contracts, and an upgraded Black-winged Kite (UBK) algorithm. Access regulations and audit logs are stored on a private blockchain using a Proof-of-Authority consensus mechanism for immutability and transparency. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces evaluation policy time by 70% and storage overhead by 52% compared to the traditional attribute-based access control, while achieving 98.2% accuracy in access decisions. The performance test shows evaluation time and storage increase linearly, thus proving appropriate large-scale deployment. The combination of blockchain and smart contracts guarantees security-auditable and automated enforcement of access policies without needing a central authority.

Indexed as

Attribute-Based access controlBlockchainGeographic spatial data sharingMetaheuristic optimizationSmart contractsUpgraded black-winged kite algorithm

Identifiers

PMID41692838

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-34703-y

PMCPMC12996445

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.