Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41692648›Full record

ReviewVaccine2026

Pathways to economically viable and sustainable vaccine manufacturing in LMICs.

Matthias Helble, Claudia Nannei, Martin Friede, Martin W Nicholson

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Vaccine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Matthias HelbleScience for Health Department, Science Division, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Electronic address: helblem@who.int.
Claudia NanneiProduct Development and Manufacturing Team, Health Systems, Access and Data Division, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Electronic address: nanneic@who.int.
Martin FriedeMedicines Patent Pool, Rue de Varembé 7, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: mfriede@medicinespatentpool.org.
Martin W NicholsonProduct Development and Manufacturing Team, Health Systems, Access and Data Division, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland & UK-SEA Vax Hub, School of Chemical, Materials and Biological Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK. Electronic address: nicholsonm@who.int.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In an effort to improve pandemic preparedness and health security, many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have launched initiatives to expand regional vaccine manufacturing. A number of elements relating to vaccine markets, production, value chains, and ecosystems significantly impact the ability to generate economically viable and sustainable vaccine manufacturing in LMICs. This paper provides an overview of vaccine manufacturing characteristics and global vaccine markets dynamics. Establishing vaccine manufacturing is a complex undertaking due to a variety of factors including intense competition, associated uncertainty regarding the ability to capture market share and substantial capital investment requirements. Substantive government commitment and investment are essential to ensure new local entrants compete successfully. In the medium to long run, the role of government should shift from supporting individual firms to strengthening local science ecosystems as this bolsters economic sustainability in three ways. First, investment in science promotes technological advances which can reduce production costs, e.g., through process innovations for vaccine manufacturing. Second, strong science ecosystems help to address the skills gap faced by manufacturers. And third, strong science ecosystems enable research and development of new vaccines that address local unmet needs and open new markets. Furthermore, developing a regional approach to vaccine manufacturing and procurement, with associated regulatory harmonization, is crucial to achieving economically viable and distributed vaccine manufacturing. Importantly, investment in research and development and fostering of regional collaborations drives innovation, feeding into new product discovery and consequently a strong pipeline of new vaccine products, driving economically sustainable regional vaccine manufacturing. This offers the potential to prevent endemic infectious diseases with significant socioeconomic and health burden or to develop therapeutic vaccines, generating regular interpandemic demand for regional vaccine manufacturers, consequently sustaining capacity retention and associated pandemic preparedness.

Indexed as

Developing CountriesDrug IndustryVaccine DevelopmentVaccinesHumansPandemic PreparednessVaccinesDeveloping countriesFinancing mechanismsGlobal health securityGlobal SouthHealth industrial policyHealth systems strengtheningLocal production capacityLow- and middle-income countries (LMICs)Medical countermeasuresPandemic preparednessRegional vaccine productionResearch and development (R&D) fundingSustainable manufacturingTechnology transferVaccine equityVaccines

Identifiers

PMID41692648
PMCPMC13046490

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.