Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41691303›Full record

ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2026

Topical delivery of high-drug-loading nanoparticle gels for psoriasis treatment.

Zihan Zhao, Letao Xu, Yun Liu, Xing Wang, Yue Hui, Yilong Fan, Yuling Shi, Chun-Xia Zhao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zihan Zhao *Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Letao Xu *School of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Yun LiuSchool of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Xing WangSchool of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Yue HuiSchool of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Yilong FanSchool of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Yuling ShiDepartment of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China. shiyuling1973@tongji.edu.cn.
Chun-Xia ZhaoSchool of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. chunxia.zhao@adelaide.edu.au.

Funding

Clinical Research Plan of SHDC SHDC22022302Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission 2025GDZKZD06National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFC2508106National Natural Science Foundation of China 82430101Shanghai Dermatology Research Centre 2023ZZ02017
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disease characterised by epidermal hyperplasia and compromised barrier integrity, which significantly complicates effective drug delivery. Topical drug delivery (TDD) offers a promising, non-invasive, and patient-centric alternative therapy for its management. However, the efficacy of TDD is constrained by the markedly thickened stratum corneum in psoriatic lesion skin, which acts as a formidable barrier to effective drug penetration. In this work, we developed a high-drug-loading TDD system for the highly effective topical delivery of apremilast (APR), an FDA-approved oral treatment for psoriasis. Using a sequential nanoprecipitation method, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) loaded with 40% APR, defined as the weight ratio of APR relative to the total nanoparticle formulation, were synthesized and embedded into Carbopol 940 gel for enhanced skin compatibility and topical application. Ex vivo studies revealed enhanced intradermal retention of LNPs Carbopol

Indexed as

NanoparticlesPsoriasisThalidomideAcrylic ResinsAdministration, CutaneousAdministration, TopicalAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalDrug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsFemaleGelsHumansImiquimodLipidsMiceAcrylic Resinsapremilastcarbopol 940Drug CarriersGelsImiquimodLipidsThalidomideHigh-drug-loading nanoparticlesLipid nanoparticlesNanogelPolymer nanoparticlesPsoriasis treatmentTopical drug delivery system

Identifiers

PMID41691303
PMCPMC13011773

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.