ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Epidemiology and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Northern Iran.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus in the Middle East and North Africa: A Review of Genotypic Prevalence, Vaccination Challenges, and Non-Cervical Clinical Outcomes.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the commonest sexually transmitted infection. High-risk HPV DNA is found in the vast majority of HPV-associated cervical cancers. This study aimed to determine the distribution of HPV genotypes in Golestan Province, Iran, a region with limited prior data.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2022 to October 2023. Genital or cervical samples from women (n = 996) and penile or anal samples from men (n = 8) were collected. HPV DNA detection and initial risk stratification (high-risk vs. low-risk) was performed with the Hybrid Capture II system (HC2; Digene). Specific genotype identification was inferred from the probe pools used.
resultsOut of 1,004 participants, at least one HPV genotype was identified in 391 (38.94%; 95% CI: 35.96%-41.99%). Of the HPV-positive samples, 155 (39.64%) had low-risk genotypes, 104 (26.59%) had high-risk genotypes, and 132 (33.77%) had mixed infections. The most common genotypes were HPV-6 (7.37%), HPV-11 (5.18%), HPV-16 (4.48%), HPV-62 (4.48%), and HPV-81 (3.98%). The mean age of HPV-positive participants was significantly lower than HPV-negative participants (34.26 ± 9.52 vs. 35.69 ± 9.54 years, p = 0.02), with the highest frequency in the 25–34 age group (42.5%). Of the 8 men, only one had a detectable HPV genotype (HPV-11); this finding is descriptive due to the small sample size.
conclusionsHPV infection is common in our population, particularly among women aged 25–34 years. The high prevalence of HPV-16, a primary cause of cervical cancer, underscores the importance of vaccination. These findings provide a valuable baseline reference to guide cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination programs in Northern Iran.
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