Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41691029›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Mood trajectories showing resilience and recovery in young people during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Yara J Toenders, Kayla H Green, Lysanne W Te Brinke, Sophie W Sweijen, Suzanne van de Groep, Matthijs Fakkel, Danielle Remmerswaal, Eveline A Crone

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yara J ToendersErasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Kayla H GreenErasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. green@essb.eur.nl.
Lysanne W Te BrinkeErasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Sophie W SweijenErasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Suzanne van de GroepErasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Matthijs FakkelErasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Danielle RemmerswaalErasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Eveline A CroneErasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected daily life of young people but not all youth were affected in the same way. We studied mood trajectories in 363 young people (10-29 years) in the Rotterdam area in the Netherlands across eight longitudinal waves spanning four years to test for resilience and recovery profiles during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. A four-class model using growth mixture modelling confirmed that some adolescents were highly affected with slow recovery (16%), some were moderately affected (27%), and there were two patterns of stable low to moderate mood level groups (24% and 33% respectively). Those that were highly affected in negative mood were characterized by more academic stress, more executive functioning problems, and lower sense of belonging. The same factors were predictive and protective for recovery trends of vigor. These results confirm that group averages do not fully capture the variability within adolescence and unravel protective factors that may guide future interventions in case of a new crisis.

Indexed as

AffectCOVID-19Resilience, PsychologicalAdolescentAdultChildFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleNetherlandsPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Young AdultAdolescenceCOVID-19 pandemicMoodTrajectories

Identifiers

PMID41691029
PMCPMC12996328

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.