Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41691008›Full record

Trial reportScientific reports2026

Spiritual interventions and self-stigma in the family of person who use drugs: a clinical trial study.

Zahra Sedieghifar, Amir Jalali, Mahmoud Rahmati, Ebrahim Ezzati, Nader Salari

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zahra SedieghifarStudent Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Amir JalaliSubstance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. jalali_amir@yahoo.com.
Mahmoud RahmatiDepartment of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Ebrahim EzzatiDepartment of Anaesthesiology, School of Paramedical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Nader SalariDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Self-stigma in person who use drugs (PWUDs) and their families can create many difficulties for those struggling with drug use, impacting family support during treatment and rehabilitation. Therefore, interventions to manage or lessen this social issue within these families appear essential. This study assess the impact of spiritually interventions based Salim's heart model on self-stigma in family members of PWUDs. In clinical trial study 60 first-degree family members of PWUDs receiving treatment in Khorramabad city in 2024 were selected via the cluster design method, adhering to eligibility criteria. The participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In addition to standard clinical care for the experimental group, nine 1.5-h spiritual intervention sessions, based on the Salim's Heart model, were provided in a group setting over time. The control group received standard clinic care only. Both groups were evaluated using demographic surveys and the self-stigma inventory in the families (SSI-F) PWUDs before and four weeks post-intervention. Data was analyzed in SPSS software version 27 using parametric and nonparametric statistical tests. Initially, the average self-stigma scores for family members of PWUDs in the experimental and control groups were as follows: 34.2 ± 9.88 for the experimental group and 35.4 ± 6.13 for the control group, indicating no statistically significant difference before the intervention (P < 0.05). However, after the intervention, scores were significantly lower for the experimental group at 34.83 ± 22.67 as compared to 35.42 ± 6.42 for the control group (P < 0.001). Intra-group analysis also revealed statistically significant reductions in self-stigma scores after the intervention within the experimental group (P < 0.001), while the control group displayed no significant change (P < 0.05). These results suggest that spiritual interventions could be an effective strategy in alleviating self-stigma within families of PWUDs, which holds important implications for promoting holistic treatment and recovery efforts.

Indexed as

FamilySocial StigmaSpiritualitySubstance-Related DisordersAdultFamily SupportFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSelf ConceptDrug useFamilySalim’s heartSelf-stigmaSpiritual interventions

Identifiers

PMID41691008
PMCPMC12992564

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.