Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41689698›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2026

Anxiety in Williams Syndrome: Qualitative Analysis of Caregiver and Individual Interviews.

Robyn P Thom, Danielle Renzi, Jennifer Mullett, Kimaya R Gracias, Darren Chernicky, Nick Freni, David Eddie, Marisa H Fisher, Kirstin Birtwell, Caitlin Ravichandran and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Robyn P ThomLurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA. rthom@mgh.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8026-6970
Danielle RenziLurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
Jennifer MullettLurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
Kimaya R GraciasLurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
Darren ChernickyLurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
Nick FreniLurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
David EddieDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Marisa H FisherDepartment of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Kirstin BirtwellLurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
Caitlin RavichandranLurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
Barbara PoberGenetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Christopher J McDougleLurie Center for Autism, 1 Maguire Road, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.

Funding

Bernon Family Bernon FamilyWilliams Syndrome Foundation WSA0301
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeIndividuals with Williams syndrome (WS) are disproportionately affected by anxiety. However, gaps remain in our knowledge of the clinical presentation and impact of anxiety in this population. The objectives of this study were to (1) better understand the phenomenology and impact of anxiety in this population without the constraints of standardized mental health diagnostic criteria, and (2) compare caregiver and participants with WS report of anxiety.

methodsOne-hundred caregivers and 79 individuals with WS participated in open-ended, semi-structured interviews designed to learn more about the symptoms, content, and impact of anxiety on individuals with WS. The interviews were analyzed using a six-step thematic analysis approach. McNemar's test was performed to compare the frequency for which each code was reported by caregivers versus WS participants.

resultsThematic analysis revealed five main themes: (1) observable signs of anxiety, (2) anxiety content, (3) interference of anxiety, (4) caregiver accommodation, and (5) response to anxiety. Caregivers were more likely to report all codes than participants with WS, with the exception of physical signs of anxiety.

conclusionThis study provides a deeper understanding of common signs and symptoms of anxiety in individuals with WS, as well as the types of symptoms that are best ascertained through caregiver versus self-report.

Indexed as

AnxietyQualitative analysisWilliams syndrome

Identifiers

PMID41689698

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.