Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41689584›Full record

ArticleHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2026

Delivering Inclusive Cultural Offers for Social Prescribing: A Realist Evaluation Involving Older People From Global Majority Backgrounds and Cultural Sector Providers in the UK.

Debra Westlake, Kamal R Mahtani, Geoffrey Wong, Jordan Gorenberg, Marta Santillo, Kerryn Husk, Sofia Vougioukalou, Ruthanne Baxter, Shoba Dawson, Caroline M Potter and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Debra WestlakeNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6927-5040
Kamal R MahtaniNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Geoffrey WongNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Jordan GorenbergNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2723-8786
Marta SantilloNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6345-7612
Kerryn HuskFaculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5674-8673
Sofia VougioukalouCentre for Adult Social Care Research & Clinical Trials Unit, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0788-0373
Ruthanne BaxterLibrary and University Collections, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Shoba DawsonSheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Caroline M PotterNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7128-968X
Harriet WarburtonGardens, Libraries and Museums, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Beth McDougallGardens, Libraries and Museums, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Stephanie TierneyNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2155-2440

Funding

UK Research and Innovation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionResearch shows cultural activities benefit older people's wellbeing, but little is known about why individuals from global majority (minority ethnic) groups engage less with the mainstream cultural sector, or how it could adapt to meet their needs and encourage engagement. The TOUS study (Tailoring cultural Offers with and for diverse older Users of Social prescribing) investigated the question: What tailoring is needed, how, when and for whom, to optimise cultural offers as part of social prescribing for older people (aged 60+) from global majority groups?

methodsThe TOUS study involved focused ethnographies with six cultural-sector organisations throughout the United Kingdom and 11 key informant interviews with cultural providers. A realist approach was adopted, resulting in the development of a programme theory.

resultsThe programme theory has three pillars: (1) broker, hook, and opportunity, which support entry into cultural spaces to provide immediate benefits; (2) safety and trust, power-sharing, and meaning, which sustain engagement; and (3) transformative outcomes, including lasting relationships, confidence, and exploring identities.

conclusionsWith intentional engagement and relational practices, organisations can foster inclusive cultural participation and support well-being in later life. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: The TOUS study was guided by a public involvement group of six contributors (aged 60+ from global majority/minority ethnic backgrounds) who shared experiences of creative practice, and advised on data collection, analysis, model development, and dissemination. The study also involved collaborative analysis of data at case sites.

Indexed as

Cultural CompetencyEthnicityMinority GroupsSocial PrescribingAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSocial GroupUnited Kingdomcultural sectorengagementglobal majorityminority ethnicolder peoplerealistsocial prescribing

Identifiers

PMID41689584
PMCPMC12906276

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.