Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41689429›Full record

ReviewFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology2026

The Application of PD-1 Inhibitors in Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma.

Ming-Zhen Dong, Ming Cui, Lin-Zhuo Qu, Hui-Ying Che, Hong-Jian Guan

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The Application of PD-1 Inhibitors in Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ming-Zhen DongNeurology Department, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China.
Ming CuiReproductive Medicine Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China.
Lin-Zhuo QuNeurology Department, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China.
Hui-Ying CheDepartment of General Practice, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China.
Hong-Jian GuanNeurology Department, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8731-3880

Funding

Changbai Elite Talent Program 202434024Research Fund of Yanbian University 20(2021)Research Project of Provincial Department of Education JJKH20240692KJ
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor of the central nervous system, marked by drug resistance, rapid progression, and extremely low survival. Immunotherapy for this disease represents a new generation of treatment following surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The emergence of immunotherapy has significantly advanced the treatment of various solid tumors and demonstrated promising efficacy. Although PD-1 inhibitors show potential against GBM, clinical benefit from monotherapy remains modest. A series of clinical studies have found that combining PD-1 inhibitors with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, oncolytic viruses, vaccines, other immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR-T cell therapy shows better efficacy and safety, making it an attractive therapeutic approach. In this review, we provide a summary of the approved PD-1 inhibitors in GBM, covering their use as monotherapy and in combination therapies, along with their prospects and the latest research advances.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorAnimalsHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsPDCD1 protein, humanProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorCAR‐T cell therapyglioblastomaimmune checkpoint inhibitorPD‐1 inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID41689429
PMCPMC12905732

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.