ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2026
Association of Immunodeficiency and HIV Viremia With Cervical Precancer and Cancer Risk Among Women With HIV in South Africa.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) (WWH) have a higher cervical cancer risk than women without HIV. The timing and extent to which HIV viremia and immunodeficiency contribute to cervical carcinogenesis remain incompletely understood.
methodsWe conducted a cohort study using medical claims data from a South African HIV program (2011-2022) and calculated incidence rates of cervical precancer and cancer. Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations with CD4 cell count and HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA). We tested summary and point-in-time CD4 and HIV RNA measures with 6-36 months lag periods. Models were adjusted for age, calendar year, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation; fully adjusted models included both CD4 count and HIV RNA.
resultsOver 66 000 WWH contributed more than 300 000 person-years; 1202 WWH developed moderate dysplasia (incidence rate: 394/100 000 person-years), 1237 severe dysplasia (405/100 000 person-years), 211 carcinoma in situ (66/100 000 person-years), and 257 cervical cancer (70/100 000 person-years). Lower CD4 counts were strongly associated with higher rates of cervical dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and cancer, independent of HIV RNA. Lowest CD4 count over 30 months was the most informative measure for cervical dysplasia while CD4 count lagged by 24 months was most informative for cervical cancer. Higher HIV RNA was associated with increased risk of precancer and cancer in models unadjusted for CD4 count, with associations attenuated after adjustment.
conclusionsMaintaining high CD4 counts and achieving viral suppression through early ART initiation, along with using CD4 cell count for risk stratification in cervical screening, may help improve cervical cancer prevention among WWH in South Africa.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.