Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41689132›Full record

ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2026

Enhancing speed and efficiency: biomechanical variation in maximal speed double poling among different performance level cross-country skiers.

Jie Jiao, Jing Chen, Zi-Jian Zhou, Mu-Chen Li, Chong-Jie Du, Guang Yang, Hong-Qi Xu

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jie JiaoJilin Sport University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
Jing ChenAcademy For Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
Zi-Jian ZhouCollege of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
Mu-Chen LiThe Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Chong-Jie DuResearch Center of Exercise Capacity Assessment and Promotion, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China.
Guang YangChinese Center of Exercise Epidemiology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China. yangg100@nenu.edu.cn.
Hong-Qi XuResearch Center of Exercise Capacity Assessment and Promotion, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, China. xuhq375@nenu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aimed to identify biomechanical differences among cross-country skiers with different performance levels at maximal speed using the double poling technique. Methods. Twenty-four cross-country skiers, including 12 national-level and 12 regional-level participants, skied on an 80 m flat snow track. Cycle and joint kinematics data, integral electromyography (IEMG) and root mean square (RMS) data of the muscles, and relative plantar force data were collected.

resultsThe results showed that national skiers had a greater mean velocity (p < 0.05) and swing length (p < 0.05) and a shorter relative poling time (p < 0.05) than regional skiers. Additionally, the joint angles of the shoulder and elbow at the pole plant were greater in national skiers (p < 0.05) than in regional skiers. The contribution ratio of muscles regarding the gluteus maximus was greater for national skiers than for regional skiers (p < 0.05). National skiers tended to activate muscles at higher levels and transfer higher loads to the front foot during the poling phase.

conclusionOur findings indicate that it appears advantageous for skiers to lean their trunks forward during the poling phase due to weight utilization, which may increase velocity in the forward direction during the double poling cycle for more efficient use of the body.

Indexed as

Biomechanical differencesCross-country skiingDouble polingMaximal speed

Identifiers

PMID41689132
PMCPMC13112688

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.