ArticleAIDS research and therapy2026
Discriminatory attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS in East Africa: a multilevel analysis of socioeconomic and behavioral determinants using DHS 2019-2023 data.
Article in AIDS research and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionDespite global efforts to reduce HIV-related stigma, discriminatory attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) remain widespread, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of discriminatory attitudes toward PLHIV in five East African countries using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 2019 to 2023.
methodsA cross-sectional, secondary data analysis was conducted using DHS data from Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Rwanda, and Tanzania. A total weighted sample of 106,639 sexually active individuals aged 15-49 was included. Discriminatory attitudes were assessed based on responses to two standard DHS questions. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with discriminatory attitudes at both individual and community levels.
resultsThe overall prevalence of discriminatory attitudes toward PLHIV was 34.03% (95% CI 33.74, 34.31). Country-specific prevalence ranged from 12.98% in Rwanda to 76.18% in Madagascar. Key factors significantly associated with discriminatory attitudes included lower wealth status (AOR = 2.12, CI 1.73, 3.80), having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 2.11, CI 1.97, 2.60), and being unemployed (AOR = 3.10, CI 2.06, 3.70).
conclusionDiscriminatory attitudes toward PLHIV remain high in East Africa, particularly among economically disadvantaged, unemployed individuals and have multiple sexual partners. Integrated interventions targeting socio-economic inequalities, sexual health education, and employment opportunities help reduce discriminatory attitudes toward PLHIV.
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