ArticleBMC biology2026
Axolotls retain fertility throughout lifespan.
Article in BMC biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSalamanders such as axolotls exhibit exceptional regenerative abilities and longevity. While many ectothermic species reproduce into old age, axolotls have been proposed to experience post-maturation fertility decline.
resultsWe hereby present a large-scale assessment of axolotl reproductive potential across lifespan based on over 15 years of mating records from captive breeding. We show that axolotl egg number, egg quality, and mating success rates peak after sexual maturation and gradually decline up to 4 years of age, with rates stabilising after the early-life maturation period. We also report that axolotls preserve early-stage oocytes until advanced age and describe the progression of follicular atresia in salamanders.
conclusionsBy breeding older individuals, we show that axolotls retain functional fertility until ages within their average lifespan, exhibiting limited reproductive senescence. This study offers insights of relevance to developmental and ageing studies and provides a comparative model for understanding how long-lived vertebrates maintain reproductive capacity and support longer survival through time.
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