ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients with co-morbidities at Ghana's premier national referral centre: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundIn Ghana, tuberculosis (TB) cases reached 19,000 in 2023 (15% above 2022). Co-morbidities such as human immunodeficient virus (HIV), diabetes, substance abuse, and hypertension can complicate treatment. The study evaluated co-morbidity prevalence among TB patients at a major Ghanaian hospital and their impact on treatment outcomes (treatment success, default, death).
methodsA retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study at the Chest Clinic, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, reviewed 2021–2022 records of 993 TB patients of which 258 had ≥ 1 co-morbidity. Demographics, co-morbidities (HIV, diabetes, substance abuse, hypertension), and outcomes (cure, default, death) were recorded. Associations between co-morbidities and outcomes were analysed using chi-square tests and logistic regression.
resultsOf the 993 TB patients, 258/993 (26.0%) had TB with comorbidity and 149/258 (57.8%) were treated successfully. The 258 comorbid TB patients (mean age 44 ± 15 years) were 60.5% male and 53.9% married with co-morbidities: HIV 72.9%, hypertension 5.8%, substance abuse 5.8% and diabetes 4.3%. The TB/HIV patients had 28.2% mortality and substance abusers had 33.3% mortality. Higher odds of death were seen in TB/HIV (OR ≈ 1.90, 95% CI 0.94–3.81, p = 0.08) and substance abuse (OR ≈ 1.53, p = 0.54). TB/diabetes showed a non-significant survival benefit (0% vs. ~ 26% in others, p = 0.07). Default was 12.8% overall and it was higher in substance abusers (26.7% vs. 13.2%, OR ≈ 2.68, 95% CI 0.82–8.8, p = 0.11). Younger age and single status strongly predicted default: <35 vs. ≥ 35 years (36.0% vs. 3.3%, OR = 16.6, 95% CI 6.4–43.4, p < 0.001); single vs. partnered (30.1% vs. 5.9%, OR = 6.8, 95% CI 2.9–15.9, p < 0.001). However, findings may not be generalizable to rural or primary care settings, which is acknowledged as a study limitation.
conclusionsTB patients with co-morbid conditions experienced poorer treatment outcomes than patients without such co-morbidities. These findings underscore the need for integrated care strategies that address both TB and co-existing chronic diseases. Strengthening the management of co-morbid illnesses alongside TB treatment may improve patient outcomes and boost overall treatment success rates. CLINICAL TRIAL: Not applicable.
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