ArticleInternational journal of behavioral medicine2026
Safer Sex Negotiation Among Women in Sexual Unions in Tanzania: Analysis of the 2022 Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey.
Article in International journal of behavioral medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSexual autonomy among women in sexual unions has various benefits. These benefits include the reduction of sexually transmitted infections and informed decisions on sexual and reproductive health. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of safer sex negotiation among women in sexual unions and associated factors in Tanzania.
methodThis analytical cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey, conducted between February and July 2022. A two-stage, stratified sampling design, based on geographic region and urban/rural areas, was employed. Modified Poisson regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with women's safer sex negotiation, and results were presented as prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
resultsThe overall prevalence of safer sex negotiation was 75.8% (95%CI, 74.0-77.5). In the adjusted analysis, women in primary education (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] = 1.16; 95%CI, 1.09-1.25) and secondary/higher education (APR = 1.21; 95%CI, 1.12-1.30), women in middle quintile households (APR = 1.10; 95%CI, 1.06-1.15), those in rich households (APR = 1.12; 95%CI, 1.05-1.17), women with media exposures (APR = 1.14; 95%CI, 1.09-1.18), women who were working (APR = 1.06; 95%CI, 1.03-1.10), aware of sexually transmitted infections (APR = 1.17; 95%CI, 1.12-1.22), and internet users (APR = 1.04; 95%CI, 1.01-1.07) were more likely to have safer sex negotiation. Partners with primary education (APR = 1.06; 95%CI, 1.01-1.12) and those with secondary/higher education (APR = 1.07; 95%CI, 1.01-1.14) were associated with safer negotiate sex than their counterparts. Geographical zones revealed a strong association with safer sex negotiation among women in sexual unions in Tanzania.
conclusionThis study revealed several factors that enhance safer sex negotiation among women in Tanzania, including higher education, better socioeconomic status, access to mass media, internet use, and geographical context. These findings reinforce the imperative for context-specific interventions to empower women and promote sexual autonomy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41688853What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.