Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41688804›Full record

ArticleNeurosurgical review2026

Surgical treatment of patients with secondary brain abscess after emergency craniotomy in adults: a single-center retrospective study.

Chunhao Zhang, Yanyan Zhang, Chen Xu, Heli Cao, Xuyang Wang, Lin Zhang, Qiuyuan Gong, Shiwen Chen

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Neurosurgical review, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Chunhao Zhang *Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Yanyan Zhang *Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Chen XuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Heli CaoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Xuyang WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Lin ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Qiuyuan GongDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Shiwen ChenDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China. chenshiwen@126.com.

Funding

the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality under the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai 21142202100
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although advancements have been made in the diagnosis and management of brain abscesses, associated morbidity and mortality remain substantial. Secondary brain abscesses following emergency craniotomy may aggravate primary brain injury and lead to increased disability and complications. This single-center retrospective study evaluated adult patients diagnosed with secondary brain abscesses between June 2015 and June 2025. A total of 47 patients were included, with a mean age of 54.6 ± 15.1 years, and 35 patients (74.5%) were male. All patients had a history of intracerebral hemorrhage (55.3%) or traumatic brain injury (44.7%) and underwent emergency craniotomy. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) were performed in all cases. The most common clinical manifestations were fever (42.6%), headache (36.2%), and cognitive impairment (19.1%), while focal neurological deficits such as hemiplegia were frequently observed due to the primary injury. The mean Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score improved significantly from 11.7 ± 2.0 before treatment to 13.2 ± 1.5 after treatment. According to the Glasgow Outcome Scale at discharge, 44 patients (93.6%) achieved good outcomes, whereas 3 patients (6.4%) had poor outcomes. Lower GCS scores at presentation were associated with unfavorable prognosis. Timely surgical intervention combined with targeted antimicrobial therapy effectively controlled infection and reduced the risk of permanent neurological deficits.

Indexed as

Brain AbscessCraniotomyPostoperative ComplicationsAdultAgedFemaleGlasgow Coma ScaleGlasgow Outcome ScaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTomography, X-Ray ComputedTreatment OutcomeEmergency craniotomyIntracerebral hemorrhageNeurosurgical infectionSecondary brain abscessSurgical managementTraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID41688804

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.