Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41688734›Full record

ArticleNature cell biology2026

Defining the reference proteomes for small extracellular vesicles and non-vesicular components.

Julia Morales-Sanfrutos, Joanes Etxeberria-Ugartemendia, Orhi Barroso-Gomila, Esperanza González, Maria Sendino, Pilar Ximénez-Embún, Fernando García, Eduardo Zarzuela, Juan M Falcón-Pérez, Héctor Peinado and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature cell biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Julia Morales-Sanfrutos *Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain.
Joanes Etxeberria-Ugartemendia *Cell Signaling and Clinical Proteomics Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
Orhi Barroso-Gomila *Cell Signaling and Clinical Proteomics Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1472-032X
Esperanza GonzálezExosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain.
Maria SendinoProteomics Platform, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3626-7789
Pilar Ximénez-EmbúnProteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2582-9443
Fernando GarcíaProteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-4326
Eduardo ZarzuelaProteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain.
Juan M Falcón-PérezExosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-0670
Héctor PeinadoMicroenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory. Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4256-3413
Javier MuñozProteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain. javier.munozperalta@bio-bizkaia.eus.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3288-3496

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key mediators of intercellular communication and promising biomarkers. However, their molecular characterization remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of EV subtypes and co-isolated non-vesicular components. Here we leverage protein correlation profiling along density gradients to systematically analyse over 9,000 proteins in human cancer cell lines and biofluids, providing a rigorous reassessment of virtually all protein constituents associated with small EVs (sEVs) and non-vesicular entities. We show that sEVs primarily incorporate plasma membrane proteins via selective cargo-loading mechanisms, with low inclusion of intraluminal soluble proteins. By contrast, the abundant cytosolic proteins frequently detected in sEV preparations are not encapsulated within vesicles but are externally associated, probably originating from copurifying cellular debris and aggregates. Our work provides a reference resource for understanding the biogenesis, molecular determinants of cargo selection and functional roles of sEVs.

Indexed as

Extracellular VesiclesProteomeProteomicsCell Line, TumorCytosolHumansMembrane ProteinsMembrane ProteinsProteome

Identifiers

PMID41688734
PMCPMC12992123

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.