Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41688668›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

An analytical toolbox to verify the presence, quantity and origin of recycled cotton fibres in textile garments.

Anke B G M Ten Berge, Robin Temmink, Maud Kuppen, Maaike B van Slagmaat, Sven Kamphuis, Richard A J Groeneveld, Anton Luiken, Jens Oelerich, Jan W G Mahy

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Anke B G M Ten BergeResearch Group Sustainable & Functional Textiles, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Van Galenstraat 19, 7511 JL, Enschede, The Netherlands. a.b.g.m.tenberge@saxion.nl.
Robin TemminkResearch Group Sustainable & Functional Textiles, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Van Galenstraat 19, 7511 JL, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Maud KuppenResearch Group Sustainable & Functional Textiles, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Van Galenstraat 19, 7511 JL, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Maaike B van SlagmaatResearch Group Sustainable & Functional Textiles, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Van Galenstraat 19, 7511 JL, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Sven KamphuisResearch Group Sustainable & Functional Textiles, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Van Galenstraat 19, 7511 JL, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Richard A J GroeneveldResearch Group Sustainable & Functional Textiles, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Van Galenstraat 19, 7511 JL, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Anton LuikenAlcon Advies B.V., De Aa 31, Wierden, 7642 HA, The Netherlands.
Jens OelerichResearch Group Sustainable & Functional Textiles, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Van Galenstraat 19, 7511 JL, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Jan W G MahyResearch Group Sustainable & Functional Textiles, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Van Galenstraat 19, 7511 JL, Enschede, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The textile industry is one of the most polluting industries. To reduce its environmental impact, the entire supply chain must transition from a linear to a circular economy, making textile recycling at end-of-life critical. Stimulated by new regulations, the industry is increasingly incorporating recycled – mainly mechanically – cotton fibres into new garments. However, producing garments with recycled fibres is costlier than using virgin fibres. Currently, there is no independent way to assess the quantity of mechanically recycled cotton claimed by producers. As a result, “greenwashing” is frequently encountered. In this study, an analytical toolbox was developed to enable independent verification of the claimed mechanically recycled cotton content in garments. For the toolbox three analysis methods were developed. Microscopy can be used to qualitatively confirm the presence of mechanically recycled cotton fibres. Measuring the fibre length distribution allows the amount of recycled fibres to be determined semi-quantitatively. Degree of polymerisation (DP) measurements can be used to distinguish the pre- and/or post-consumer origin of the recycled fibres. Once further enriched and developed into a standard, the toolbox will be an asset in reducing greenwashing and boosting the use of recycled fibres.

Identifiers

PMID41688668
PMCPMC12993032

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.