Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41688648›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Changes in ovarian hardness and elasticity affect the development and function of secondary follicles.

Tomoko Kawai, Masayuki Shimada

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. From Cytoskeletal Remodeling to Oocyte Quality: The Emerging Role of Mechanics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Tomoko KawaiGraduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan. tokawai@okayama-u.ac.jp.
Masayuki ShimadaLaboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan. mashimad@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.

Funding

JSPS KAKENHI JP 19H03108
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Various cells are localized to appropriate positions in tissues and induced a unique gene expression and functions. In this study, we show for the first time that age-related changes in ovarian hardness and elasticity are linked to abnormal signal transduction affects in secondary follicles. Immature ovaries had lower hardness and elasticity indices, whereas aged ovaries had lower elasticity and higher hardness indices than mature ovaries. Importantly, an optimal hardness and elasticity is important for normal gene expression profile of secondary follicles. We reproduced the ovarian hardness and elasticity using alginate beads with different concentration and viscosities, for three-dimensional culture of secondary follicles. In the aged-ovarian hardness group, follicular diameter decreased significantly and the expression of inflammation-related markers increased significantly. In the immature-ovarian hardness group, follicular diameter increased significantly and the expression of differentiation and proliferation markers increased significantly. The mechanism transmitted the hardness and elasticity to the change of gene expression was that YAP, transmit the physical conditions to nucleus via actin network, was significantly increased in both condition of immature or aged ovary. The abnormal signaling associated with the age-related changes in ovarian hardness and elasticity may aid in the development of treatments for abnormal follicular development in infertility.

Indexed as

ElasticityOvarian FollicleOvaryAlginatesAnimalsFemaleHardnessSignal TransductionAlginatesElasticityHardnessInflammationPremature luteinizationYAP

Identifiers

PMID41688648
PMCPMC12982486

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.