Assessing entrepreneurial transformation in agricultural universities using hybrid multi-criteria decision-making.

Agriculture has received relatively limited attention in entrepreneurship research compared to other sectors. This study seeks to identify effective strategies for fostering agricultural entrepreneurship within universities. The research was conducted in three stages and involved interviews with 140 key informants. Using an integrated methodology that combines the Fuzzy Delphi Method Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution the study identified ten macro-policies and fifty-one specific strategies. Among these, the reward and support system emerged as the highest-ranking macro-policy. Strategies such as recognizing and promoting entrepreneurial faculty and encouraging experiential learning were ranked first and second, respectively. The second most critical policy involved the role of intermediary institutions and stakeholder engagement, followed by governance, leadership, and human resource management as the third. The findings underscore existing gaps in the development of effective strategies and provide actionable insights for policymakers seeking to enhance academic entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector.