Candida albicans infection suppresses lipopolysaccharide or Pseudomonas aeruginosa stimulated murine bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) responses.

Christa P Baker, Stephanie Laba, Jordan Warner, Karen Shepherd, Heather M Wilson, J Simon C Arthur

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Complementary Utility of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing and Blood Culture for Bloodstream Infections: Insights into Pathogen-Specific Inflammatory and Coagulation Profiles.Infection and drug resistance · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Christa P BakerDivision of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow St., Dundee, DD15EH, UK.

Stephanie LabaDivision of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow St., Dundee, DD15EH, UK.

Jordan WarnerDivision of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow St., Dundee, DD15EH, UK.

Karen ShepherdDivision of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow St., Dundee, DD15EH, UK.

Heather M WilsonInstitute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.

J Simon C ArthurDivision of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow St., Dundee, DD15EH, UK. j.s.c.arthur@dundee.ac.uk.

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/M010996/1Wellcome Trust 102132/B/13/Z

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Candida albicans is an opportunistic human pathogen, that commonly causes localised infection of mucosal surfaces. Candida can also cause systemic infections, which remain difficult to treat and have a high risk of mortality. The immune response to C. albicans infection is complex and can be influenced by the surrounding microenvironment, for example, metabolic stresses or co-infection. Macrophages are a key immune cell in defence against C. albicans infection through phagocytosis of C. albicans and cytokine production to co-ordinate immune responses. Here, we utilise Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) based total proteomics to describe the murine bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) response to C. albicans infection as well as in response to co-infection with gram-negative bacterial outer membrane component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We found C. albicans induced a surprisingly muted immune response in BMDMs as compared to LPS or P. aeruginosa. Moreover, upon co-infection with LPS or P. aeruginosa, C. albicans suppressed P. aeruginosa and LPS induced IL-6 and IL-12p40 secretion as well as dampening proteomic remodelling in the macrophage in response to these agents. Thus, C. albicans has significant suppressive capabilities in the host innate immune responses that could impact clinical outcomes during infection.

Indexed as

Candida albicansCandidiasisLipopolysaccharidesMacrophagesPseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas InfectionsAnimalsCoinfectionCytokinesInterleukin-6MiceCytokinesInterleukin-6LipopolysaccharidesCandidaFungal infectionInterleukin 6MacrophagePseudomonasToll-like receptor

Identifiers

PMID41688542

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-39429-z

PMCPMC12982582

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.