Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41688485›Full record

ArticleNPJ breast cancer2026

Evaluation of methods to classify ipsilateral breast tumour recurrences as local recurrence or new primary tumour.

S Blacker, J M Boyle, L Wang, D R Withrow, C Delon, D Dodwell, M Verrill, A Lemanska, S E Pinder, A E Frampton and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in NPJ breast cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

S BlackerClinical Effectiveness Unit, The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK. sblacker@rcseng.ac.uk.
J M BoyleClinical Effectiveness Unit, The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK.
L WangClinical Effectiveness Unit, The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK.
D R WithrowClinical Effectiveness Unit, The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK.
C DelonClinical Effectiveness Unit, The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK.
D DodwellNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
M VerrillNorthern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
A LemanskaFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
S E PinderSchool of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
A E FramptonFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
K HorganDepartment of Breast Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
D A CromwellClinical Effectiveness Unit, The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence (IBTR) may represent a true local recurrence (LR) from residual malignancy or a new primary (NP) tumour, with important implications for prognosis and treatment. However, no classification system exists to distinguish between these entities. This systematic review of studies evaluating classification methods for IBTR as LR or NP, identified 19 studies reporting 25 systems. Most were clinicopathological (21/25) and four were genomic. Tumour location (72%) and histological subtype (68%) were the most frequently applied criteria. IBTR rates ranged from 2 to 12%, with NP proportions between 13-82% and LR between 18-87%. Time to recurrence was shorter for LR than NP. Across studies, NP was consistently associated with superior survival outcomes. The methodological quality of included studies constrains the certainty of findings. Validation of clinicopathological and genomic criteria is needed before a classification system can be recommended, but pragmatic clinicopathological decisions remain essential in the interim.

Identifiers

PMID41688485
PMCPMC13129046

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