Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41688273›Full record

ArticleNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2026

KITENIN-CCL20 axis is a potential therapeutic target for modulating immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma.

Eun-Jung Ahn, Sung Sun Kim, Sm Abdus Salam, Eshrat Jahan, Sung-Ju Bang, Yeong Jin Kim, Sue Jee Park, Tae-Young Jung, Roo Ji Lee, Jae-Hyuk Lee and 6 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Eun-Jung AhnDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.
Sung Sun KimDepartment of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.
Sm Abdus SalamDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.
Eshrat JahanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea; Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.
Sung-Ju BangDepartment of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.
Yeong Jin KimDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.
Sue Jee ParkDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.
Tae-Young JungDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.
Roo Ji LeeDepartment of Rehabilitation, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.
Jae-Hyuk LeeDepartment of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.
Yong Yeon JeongDepartment of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.
Min-Hee YiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea; BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea.
Joon Haeng RheeMedical Research Center (MRC) for Immunotherapy of Cancer, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.
Kyung Keun KimDepartment of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.
Kyung-Hwa LeeDepartment of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea; BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea. Electronic address: mdkaylee@jnu.ac.kr.
Kyung-Sub MoonDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea. Electronic address: moonks@chonnam.ac.kr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), limiting the effectiveness of existing treatments. We investigated the role of KAI1 COOH-terminal interacting tetraspanin (KITENIN), a metastasis-promoting protein, in mediating this immunosuppression, focusing on its effect on cytokine secretion and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) profiles in the TME. Employing cytokine array and Luminex multiplex assays, we found increased level of CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) within KITENIN-overexpressed (KIT-HA) GL261 cell supernatants. Immunohistochemical analyses using GBM samples confirmed that both KITENIN and CCL20 expressions co-directionally increased, and this was associated with decreased survival by TCGA analysis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), macrophages, and regulatory T cells were increased in brain tumors implanted with KIT-HA GL261. In contrast, functional cytotoxic T cells were decreased in the KIT-HA group. Furthermore, compared with control conditioned medium, KIT-HA GL261 conditioned medium expanded CD45

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsChemokine CCL20GlioblastomaKangai-1 ProteinTumor MicroenvironmentAnimalsCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMyeloid-Derived Suppressor CellsChemokine CCL20Kangai-1 ProteinCCL20GlioblastomaImmunosuppressionKITENINMyeloid-derived suppressor cellsTumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41688273
PMCPMC12976486

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.