Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41688122›Full record

Trial reportBMJ open2026

Effect of Cervical Epidural STimulation After Neurological Damage: protocol for phase I/II open label controlled CE-STAND trial.

Nadine Mansour, Manda Keller-Ross, Walter Low, David Young Balser, Ann Parr

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IClinical Trial, Phase II
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06410001 (CE-STAND), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06410001 phase1 / phase2recruitingnot on this map

CE-STAND: Cervical Epidural STimulation After Neurologic Damage

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of MinnesotaRan2026 to 2030Enrolled36ConditionsSpinal Cord InjuryArmsEpidural Spinal Cord Stimulation System
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nadine MansourDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4582-6730
Manda Keller-RossRehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Walter LowDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
David Young BalserRehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-9307
Ann ParrDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA amparr@umn.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSpinal cord injury (SCI) affects over 18 000 individuals annually, leading to significant motor and autonomic dysfunctions that reduce quality of life (QoL). Epidural spinal cord stimulation (eSCS) has shown potential in restoring function in chronic individuals with SCI. However, research on cervical and autonomic dysfunction-related SCI remains limited. This study will assess the safety and efficacy of eSCS in improving autonomic and volitional functions, as well as truncal stability, bowel, bladder and sexual function, and overall QoL.

methodsThe study is a phase I/II trial in which participants will serve as their own controls. The Abbott Eterna epidural stimulator system will be implanted, and assessments will occur every 3 months. The study will be conducted over a period of 4 years. A total of 36 participants will be enrolled and followed for 1 year. ANALYSIS: Bayesian optimisation will be used to determine the most effective stimulation settings, with 15 settings programmed at the end of each visit. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Food and Drug Administration and University of Minnesota Institutional Review Board approvals have been secured for the study. Interim reports will be made available through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and clinical network reporting.

conclusionCE-STAND (Cervical Epidural STimulation After Neurological Damage) seeks to advance SCI treatment by expanding eSCS applications in chronic cervical SCI, improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. Future studies could consider a larger sample size, long-term safety, matched-control and randomisation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06410001.

Indexed as

Spinal Cord InjuriesSpinal Cord StimulationAdultCervical VertebraeEpidural SpaceFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuality of LifeResearch DesignTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultClinical TrialNeurological injurySpine

Identifiers

PMID41688122
PMCPMC12911778

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.