ArticleBMJ open2026
Development of prison-based parent-child joint intervention for incarcerated fathers: protocol for mixed-methods study.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
introductionPaternal incarceration represents a significant stressor that disrupts family cohesion, undermines paternal identity and adversely affects children's psychosocial well-being. While family-focused programmes show promise in improving outcomes for incarcerated parents and their children, culturally attuned prison-based parenting interventions remain underdeveloped and scarce, particularly in Asian contexts. To address this gap, a local parenting intervention grounded in the Double ABCX model of family resilience, the 'Be My Hero' programme, was designed for incarcerated fathers in Hong Kong, China. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A concurrent mixed-methods design will be used to evaluate the intervention. A convenience sample of 20-30 incarcerated fathers of children aged 3-11 will be recruited from three correctional facilities. Quantitative measures assessing paternal competence, father-child attachment, communication and resilience will be collected preintervention and postintervention. Qualitative data will be triangulated through semistructured interviews with participants, their children and social workers, supplemented by session logs documenting perceived shifts in paternal identity and programme feasibility. The intervention is expected to mitigate disruptions in paternal identity and strengthen father-child bonds. This may, in turn, reduce intergenerational disadvantage and improve overall family well-being. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has received ethical approval from The University of Hong Kong. Informed consent and assent will be obtained from the participants, their children and current guardians. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals or conferences to inform correctional rehabilitation practices, encouraging the integration of family-focused and resilience-based approaches. Stakeholders, including practitioners and policymakers, may adopt similar interventions to promote healthier re-entry outcomes and reduce intergenerational disadvantage.
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