Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2026
Choline and betaine concentrations in plasma discriminate levels of dietary choline intake in healthy adults: analysis of a double-blind randomized crossover controlled feeding study.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03726671 (Choline Nutritional Status), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Choline Nutritional Status: Development of a Biomarker Panel
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- NAFLD-related SNPs are linked to changes in liver fat, as measured by the CAP score, and serum lipids in response to a 3-week sugar-sweetened beverage intervention: a pilot study.Food & function · 2026Trial
- Development of a Choline Database for Thai Food and a Population-Wide Assessment of Choline Intake in Thailand.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Blood Focused-Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Uncover Non-Linear Risk Association of Inadequate Dietary Choline Intake-Linked Metabolic Stress with MASLD Through Amino Acid Biomarkers,International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCholine is an essential nutrient, and insufficient intake negatively affects the liver, brain, and muscles. In the United States, habitual choline intake remains below the adequate intake (AI). To date, no circulating metabolites have been validated to distinguish between low and adequate choline intake.
objectivesWe tested whether plasma concentrations of choline and its metabolites could discriminate adequate compared with low dietary choline intake and whether liver elastography (FibroScan) could detect diet-induced changes in liver fat.
methodsIn a double-blind, randomized, crossover feeding study, participants followed three 15-d dietary arms providing ∼100%, 50%, and 25% of the choline AI in the form of choline chloride. On day 12 of each dietary arm, participants consumed a single bolus of 2.2 mmol trimethyl-d
resultsPlasma concentrations of d
conclusionsPlasma choline and betaine concentrations discriminate low compared with AI under controlled feeding. These findings support targeted metabolite profiling to improve choline intake assessment and reveal individual differences in liver response to low choline intake. This study was registered at Choline Nutritional Status: Development of a Biomarker Panel as NCT03726671 (www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov) registered 31 October, 2018.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.